A hip replacement is a frequent type of surgery that involves replacing a damaged hip joint (known as a prosthesis) with an artificial prosthesis. Hip replacement surgery can be performed on adults of any age, however most are performed on persons between the ages of 60 and 80. A modern prosthetic hip joint is built to survive for at least 15 years. Most persons report a significant reduction in discomfort and an improvement in range of motion.The most common cause of hip replacement surgery is osteoarthritis. Other conditions that can cause hip joint damage include Rheumatoid arthritis Hip fracture Septic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Disorders that cause unusual bone growth (bone dysplasias)